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Treatment of Thyroid Cancer
To avoid metastases and general failure of the organism, take care get rid of cancerous tumors immediately.
They are treated with Thyroidectomy and eventuality Lymph node cleansing.
The thyroidectomy is the surgery removal of thyroid cancer.
This is a delicate and anatomical surgery because important vessels and nerves must be protected of the area as well and the parathyroid glands.
Non-traumatic and bloodless operation.
They are used exclusively microsurgical instruments in order do not injure healthy tissues and nerves in order to succeed fast recovery.
It's happening constant hemostasis so that the clean field operation in order to succeed the best result.
Complete removal of the Thyroid gland is achieved which allows the administration of the minimum possible dose of Iodine!
The patient needs to be admitted to the hospital on the day of surgery and usually he stays only one night in the hospital after surgery.
Cells are the basic unit of the body. The normal flow of cells in the human body is to multiply and be replaced by new healthy cells at a controlled rate.
When this rhythm ceases to be controlled and we have a large increase in cells we result in the formation of a mass, which is called a tumor, formation, or nodule and can be benign or malignant.
BENIGN TUMOR:
Benign tumors can grow locally but not spread to other parts of the body.
MALIGNANT TUMOR (CA THYROID):
Conversely, a malignant tumor (cancer) can infiltrate other structures it is adjacent to or develop in other distant parts of the body (metastases)
THYROID CA TYPES:
Papillary carcinoma: It is the most common form. It accounts for 60-80% of cases. It comes from the follicular cells that produce thyroxine. It may show frequent relapses. The cure rate is 95%.
Follicular carcinoma: It originates from the same cells that papillary carcinoma develops and also has a high cure rate.
Medullary carcinoma: Makes up 5-10% of thyroid cancers. It originates from the parafollicular C cells that produce calcitonin. It can metastasize.
Anaplastic carcinoma: It is a rare form. It originates from the follicular cells. It occurs mainly in elderly people. It is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer and has the worst prognosis.
Thyroid cancer can occur at any age and requires surgery (thyroidectomy).
Diagnostic examinations:
- Measurement of hormones that control or are produced by the thyroid (TSH, T4, T3).
- Ultrasound of the neck and thyroid.
- Cytological examination of material after fine needle aspiration (FNA).
- Gland scintigraphy if deemed necessary.
- Computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or PET-CT scan, if deemed necessary.
THYROIDECTOMY WITH MAIN COMPARTMENT VI LYMPHATIC CLEANING (POSTOLATERAL CERVICAL CLEANING)
In cases with thyroid carcinoma, metastases appear in the cervical lymph nodes and their removal is the only treatment to get rid of the cancer.
Cervical lymph node cleansing is divided into:
- Central cervical lymph node cleansing and
- Lateral cervical lymph node dissection
Central cervical lymph node cleansing:
It involves the lymph nodes located between the common carotids and includes protracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes.
In order to achieve the central cervical lymph node dissection with the best possible oncological result, it is necessary to prepare and preserve the anatomical integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerves bilaterally, while the identification and preservation of the parathyroid glands is of utmost importance.
Lateral cervical lymph node dissection:
It involves the lymph nodes on the outside of the common carotid arteries. We distinguish between right lateral and left lateral cervical lymph node dissection.
The retrolateral cervical cleaning concerns the radical removal of lymph node groups II, III, IV, and V.
In more detail, the lymph nodes are divided into 6 compartments-levels of the neck:
- Level I which includes the subgenus group (IA) and the sub-mandibles (IB).
- Level II includes the upper jugular lymph nodes (subgroup IIA and IIB depending on their relationship to the accessory nerve).
- Level III which includes the middle jugular group.
- Level IV which includes the lower jugular group.
- Level V which includes the posterior cervical lymph nodes (VA, VB above and below the level of the cricoid cartilage) and finally
- Level VI which includes the lymph nodes of the anterior cervical compartment.
The value of the above classification is obviously related to the determination of the type of lymph node cleansing that will be chosen depending on the location of the primary focus.
By way of example, we mention that the neoplasms of the oral cavity usually give metastases in the I, II, and III compartment, the larynx and pharynx in II, III, and IV, the thyroid gland in IV, VI, and upper mediastinum, the parotid gland in II, III, frontal , peri and intraparotid lymph nodes and upper supplementary chain and finally the submandibular and sublingual salivary gland at the I, II, III level.
